Distribution and habitat

The Northern Pintail has been called the "nomads of the skies." due to their wide-ranging migrations.[2] This dabbling duck breeds across northern areas of Eurasia south to about Poland and Mongolia,[10] and in Canada, Alaska and the Midwestern United States. It winters mainly south of its breeding range, reaching almost to the equator in Panama, northern sub-Saharan Africa and tropical South Asia. Small numbers migrate to Pacific islands, particularly Hawaii, where a few hundred birds winter on the main islands in shallow wetlands and flooded agricultural habitats.[9] Transoceanic journeys also occur: a bird that was caught and ringed in Labrador, Canada, was shot by a hunter in England nine days later,[10] and Japanese-ringed birds have been recovered from six US states east to Utah and Mississippi.[13] In parts of the range, such as Great Britain and the northwestern United States, the Pintail may be present all year.[12][14][15]

The Northern Pintail's breeding habitat is open unwooded wetlands, such as wet grassland, lakesides or tundra. In winter, it will utilise a wider range of open habitats, such as sheltered estuaries, brackish marshes and coastal lagoons. It is highly gregarious outside the breeding season and forms very large mixed flocks with other ducks.[9]